A Letter from Buddha to his Disciple

You have approached of me for help in how to mend your dad of his ailment. I welcome that your dad is a decent and upright man and you are honored to have had a decent man for a dad. Be that as it may, I can't remove his agony. That is something that nobody can truly accomplish for if there is whatever is steady in each individual's life, it is languishing. Life is languishing. That is one of the honorable certainties. Get familiar with this and it can simply be the very thing that would present to you, your family, and even your dad enlightenment.Also recollect that magic and marvels guaranteed by performers will do you no decent for it is against the Laws of Karma and can just bring hurt. I have seen the torment and offensiveness brought about by sickness and the pity brought about by man's mortality. (Moore-Brooder, 2005, p. 499) Truly in the event that one would contrast the existence I drove and my family one would state I am genuinely preferred by the divine beings. At the poin t when I was youthful I carried on with a real existence loaded with joys and common indecencies. In any case, it very well may be a Catch 22 on how one's favors are characterized by torment and suffering.It was simply in the wake of giving testimony regarding the numerous occurrences and types of torment, that I looked for satisfaction of my reality and at last, edification. Man's life is inadequate without torment. Indeed, even from the hour of birth both mother and kid experience torment. In any case, when one has risen above agony, he turns into a renewed person and in this manner, reawakened. I give you my account of the mother Gotami-tissa whose child capitulated to illness. (Morgan, 1956, p. 23) She went from entryway to entryway looking for a marvel that would bring back her child's life persistently being informed that something like this was impossible.She came to me for help, wringing her hands and prostrating herself so I may breath life into her child back. I approached her for mustard seeds. Any standard mustard seed, yet she should gather seeds that originated from homes that stayed immaculate by pain and passing. Later on she returned to me and admitted that she couldn't get any seed for all the homes she visited have encountered demise. Demise isn't a condition extraordinary to only one individual. It is unavoidable and consistent. By getting this, she was relieved of her pain and has had the option to keep living as another woman.In my lessons I have constantly referenced man's mortality, his temporariness. Not one thing in existence is perpetual other than death. Its secrecy is amazing and one never truly knows when it will come. I ask you my child, to rehearse dharma all together that your life might be satisfied and shielded from terrible karma. For on the off chance that you do no off-base, for what reason ought to there be outcomes? Today we see numerous individuals doing all that they can to achieve their desire. Some may maybe reason o ut â€Å"it isn't so wrong† however, in the event that one might want to live in favor of right, one needs to pick certainly between right or wrong without compromise.Live in opportunity and self-dominance to completely appreciate the blessing such is reality. Awful things are steady. Enduring is consistent. The main thing you can truly control and increase dominance of is yourself. Figure out how to take the center way in life for it is the best approach to satisfaction. Realize that an existence of boundaries is awful and will eventually bring all the more misery. I urge you to figure out how to search inside yourself and build up a comprehension and acknowledgment of what goes on around you. Intending to transform others can in some cases be a purposeless practice.I myself can train what I have realized and woken up to acknowledge, yet evident illumination can just originate from inside an individual himself. Some may maybe say, I will look for illumination later or I have attempted to comprehend life previously yet fizzled. In any case, past disappointment is past and what's to come is unsure from numerous points of view. For sure, it can happen that tomorrow or later in the day might be all of what survives from what's to come. Look for illumination now, and love the occasion. So when passing comes, you don't lament nor do you have dread of the following life for you bite the dust with information on having lived a decent life, yet an upright one.†Buddha References Morgan, K. W. (Ed. ). (1956). The Path of the Buddha Buddhism Interpreted by Buddhists. New York: Ronald Press. Recovered September 23, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5883323 Moore-Bruder. (2005). Theory: The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition Ohio: McGraw-Hill Carrithers, M. (2001). The Buddha: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Recovered September 23, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qs t? a=o&d=101647070

2018 Hurricane Names

2018 Hurricane Names 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 Underneath you will discover the posting of storm names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2018. For consistently, there is a pre-endorsed rundown of typhoon and tropical storm names. These rundowns have been created by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. From the start, the rundowns comprised of just female names; be that as it may, since 1979, the rundowns shift back and forth among male and female. Typhoons are named sequentially from the rundown in sequential request. In this way the principal typhoon or tropical storm of the year has a name that starts with An and the second is given the name that starts with B. The rundowns contain storm names that start from A to W, however bar names that start with a Q or U. There are six records that keep on turning. The rundowns possibly change when there is a typhoon that is so destroying, the name is resigned and another storm name replaces it. The 2018 typhoon name list is nearly equivalent to the 2012 tropical storm name list. Hurricane Sandy was a huge and dangerous tempest in 2012 so the name was resigned from the rundown and Sara had its spot. 2018 Hurricane Names AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSaraTonyValerieWilliam

Listen to MIT Is with Cynthia F. 18

Listen to “MIT Is…” with Cynthia F. ‘18 A few weeks ago, I posted our inaugural audio thing where I talked with Holly, who works on our communications team, about applicatons, art, and action team. As I said then, we had been (and still are) kicking around the idea of an audio thing for awhile, and decided to give it a shot. One of the people wed been kicking it around with is Kellen Manning, the communications coordinator for MIT Student Life and erstwhile guestblogger. Kellen works with MIT students to run the @MITStudents accounts on Twitter, Instagram, and  tumblr, among others. You can think (as I do) of @MITstudents as being complementary to the blogs: whereas we hire a few students, typically as a freshman, and follow them through all four years as they develop at MIT, Kellen recruits students to take over these accounts for a week at a time, to give followers many different viewpoints into life at MIT. And, around the same time we started thinking seriously about trying an audio thing, so did Kellen. Earlier today Kellen and his team posted their inaugural audio thing. So, during this episode youll meet and get to know our future host, Cynthia F. 18, as well as learn a little bit about why we decided to start this project. Along the way, youll learn a little about the MIT Trashion Show, escaping the MIT bubble, the Media Lab, and a lot more. Give it a listen! I know Kellen and the rest of their team are looking for feedback (as are we). And, if youre around, check out the Trashion Show tonight. I helped judge last year (pictures and blog) and will again tonight. Oh, and we do plan to do more admissions audioonce were done reading these applications!

Heavy Water Facts

Heavy water is deuterium monoxide or water in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms is a deuterium atom. Deuterium monoxide has the symbol D2O or 2H2O. It is sometimes referred to simply as deuterium oxide. Here are facts about heavy water, including its chemical and physical properties. Heavy Water Facts and Properties CAS number 7789-20-0 molecular formula 2H2O molar mass 20.0276 g/mol exact mass 20.023118178 g/mol appearance pale blue transparent liquid odor odorless density 1.107 gm/cm3 melting point 3.8C boiling point 101.4C molecular weight 20.0276 g/mol vapor pressure 16.4 mm Hg refractive index 1.328 viscosity at 25C 0.001095 Pa s specific heat of fusion 0.3096 kj/g Heavy Water Uses Heavy water is used as a neutron moderator in some nuclear reactors.Deuterium oxide is used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in aqueous solutions involving the study of a hydrogen nuclide.Deuterium oxide is used in organic chemistry to label hydrogen or to follow reactions involving water.Heavy water is often used instead of regular water in Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of proteins.Heavy water-moderated reactors are used to produce another isotope of hydrogen — tritium.Heavy water, made using deuterium and oxygen-18, is to test human and animal metabolic rates via the doubly labeled water test.Heavy water has been used in a neutrino detector. Radioactive Heavy Water? Many people assume heavy water is radioactive because it uses a heavier isotope of hydrogen, is used to moderate nuclear reactions, and is used in reactors to form tritium (which is radioactive). Pure heavy water is not radioactive. Commercial grade heavy water, much like ordinary tap water and any other natural water, is slightly radioactive because it contains trace amounts of tritiated water. This does not present any sort of radiation risk. Heavy water used as a nuclear power plant coolant contains significantly more tritium because neutron bombardment of the deuterium in heavy water sometimes forms tritium. Is Heavy Water Dangerous To Drink? Although heavy water isnt radioactive, its still not a great idea to drink a large volume of it because the deuterium from the water doesnt act quite the same way as protium (a normal hydrogen isotope) in biochemical reactions. You would not suffer harm from taking a sip of heavy water or drinking a glass of it, but if you only drank heavy water, youd replace enough protium with deuterium to suffer negative health effects. Its estimated you would need to replace 25-50% of the regular water in your body with heavy water to be harmed. In mammals, 25% replacement causes sterility. 50% replacement would kill you. Keep in mind, much of the water in your body comes from the food you eat, not just water you drink. Also, your body naturally contains small amounts of heavy water and every smaller amount of tritiated water. Primary Reference: Wolfram Alpha knowledgebase, 2011.

Project Reflection Tower Project - 912 Words

Tower Project Reflection My team and I were assigned to build a three feet tall tower for the City of Amber. We are able to do build a tower by getting a loan from Joyce Inc. and using that to buy resources. We are buying tiles to build a great tower for Ambler so that we may make a profit and name for our company. Our factors of production during the course of this project were: index cards and tape made up land resources. The workers made up the labor resources. Our capital, assets, was our loan, tape, cards, workers and decorations. Our entrepreneurship was whether we would take the risk of destroying our tower with the big apple and no insurance. These were my group’s factors of production during the project. The producers in the project were the businesses of Joyce’s Supplies Union. The consumers were all of the teams in all of the classes. I know all of the classes were involved, due to the fact I tried haggling for a lower price on the Beverly Hills cards, yet Manager Joyce claimed that teams in other classes brought a lot of them. Throughout the course of this project, I was the team’s accountant, I was the most directly involved with deciding the economics and budget of the groups. Balancing the needs and wants of the group as well as the finances was a huge challenge. For example, I wanted to buy the Beverly Hills six hundred dollar tiles, sadly due to my limited resources I had to stick with four one hundred dollar purple Auntie Ems tiles. My opportunity cost,Show MoreRelatedDubai Development And Transformation Of Dubai1478 Words   |  6 Pageseconomically, from tourism. Under the leadership of the Government of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid has initiated many different projects, which have contributed to Dubai and have given it a unique image around the world. 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The RMS Builders company has played an essential role in the construction and development across western Canada, with projects that are servicing hundreds of acres of land and over 2 million square feet of multi-family, commercial, and industrial properties. (Building for The Future RMSRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1272 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter. Orwell’s narrative essay of 1936 takes place in squalid, British-occupied Moulmein, lower Burma. To begin, in the opening of his piece, Orwell describes himself as a young, British police officer who, ironically, despises the British imperial project in Burma. Although he secretly sides with the Burmese, he is resentful of the way they torment him. Eventually, a previously chained elephant is introduced to the essay. It is when this elephant escapes that it begins ravaging Moulmein. After concluding

The Mind-Body Issue in Science Free Essays

Neuroscience is the study of the brain and psychology is†¦well, the answer to that question is not exactly clear.   A direct interpretation of the word â€Å"psychology† boils down to â€Å"the study of the psyche† or â€Å"the knowledge of the psyche†, but psychology does not have a definition of the psyche and, in general, they do not believe in it.   Psyche comes from the Greek word meaning soul, so the psyche is actually the study of the soul, and yet psychology today has more or less become a study of the mind, and ironic situation since neither psychologists nor neuroscientists believe in the existence of the mind. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mind-Body Issue in Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now The generally held accepted view of the mind is that the mind arises from the activity of the brain.   Thus, a major philosophical concern of neuroscience is, â€Å"Does the mind exist separate and independent of the brain?†Ã‚   The generally accepted answer to this question is, â€Å"No.   The mind is an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity.†Ã‚   In the past, efforts were made to resolve this problem with philosophical arguments such as Fredric Weizmann’s ideas about genetics and embryology (Forsdyke, 1999) and Michael M. Sokal ideas about phrenology. Today, we can conclude that the mind/body problem of science has been successfully resolved despite the obvious fact that the resolution has yet to be recognized or acknowledged!   We can now take pride that the resolution to this dilemma did not result in confirming the â€Å"pervasive† 19th-century fear humans might ultimately be viewed as â€Å"mere machines† lacking souls. (Jacyna, 1994) Despite the generally accepted view that the mind is merely an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity, more or less superimposed over brain activity, there is actually no evidence to support the idea.   To date, all of the available data, without exception, suggests that the mind and the brain are two separate but interacting ‘things’.   Whatever evidence that does not suggest this is neutral.   The evidence is sufficiently strong to have swayed diehard monists (who believe that the mind is the brain) into becoming dualists (who believe that the mind and the brain are separate). Upon a review of the available data at the end of his life, the late neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, MD (1891 – 1976), a former monist, concluded the evidence, â€Å"†¦it comes as a surprise now to discover, during this final examination of the evidence, that the dualist hypothesis seems the more reasonable of the two possible explanations.† (Penfield, 1975)   Although the available data may support Penfield’s conclusion, there are still some interesting, intriguing and difficult questions to answer such as, â€Å"What is the realm of consciousness and the mind,† â€Å"How does consciousness and the mind and the realm of mind relate to the brain and the physical body,† and â€Å"Does a mind exist independent of the brain and the physical body?†Ã‚   We can briefly address each of these questions separately. The central problem with the dualist point of view is that the mind exists as an abstraction unless it arises from brain activity.   If the mind exists separate and independent of the brain, the answer to our first question is that the mind exists as an abstract field as proposed around the 1920s by developmental biologist Paul Weiss. (Weiss, 1926)   Then, in the mid and late 1930s, Dr. Harold Saxton Burr and his associates discovered just such a field. (Burr and Lane, 1935; Burr and Northrop, 1939) Dr. Burr discovered that all living things are molded and controlled by invisible and intangible electro-dynamic fields, that he called â€Å"L-fields† for the â€Å"fields of life†.   John White and Stanley Krippner call the L-field the â€Å"‘bridge’ or intermediate link between the mental and the physical†¦they offer evidence that the mind and body are quite separate†¦.† (White and Krippner, 1977) If Burr’s findings are correct, it seems apparent that consciousness and the mind are electrodynamic fields that interact with the physical body.   Burr was able to make a definitive connection between the L-field and wound healing and between the L-field and the mental functions and mental states of individuals. Burr and his colleagues found that they could make impersonal, objective measurements of the mental and emotional states of psychiatric patients and that their electrical measurements generally agreed closely with psychiatric diagnoses.   Consciousness and the mind somehow relate to the brain and the physical body through an electrical connection or bridge of sorts, forces associated with and coupled to cells. (Jerndal, 1982) Finally, although the preferred view of the mind-body/mind-brain issue in neuroscience and psychology is the monistic view which states that the mind is merely an epiphenomenon that arises from brain activity, it is apparent that the mind transcends physical functions of the body, but there are concerns such as can more detailed studies be provided to determine if the mind can be associated with the L-field?   Burr, Ravitz and their colleagues provided evidence that established a relationship between nerve and other tissue and that made useful neurological and psychiatric measurements that were associated with mental functions. Therefore, they succeeded in establishing a firm connection between an abstract but very real field and the tangible nervous system.   This data provides concrete evidence for the existence of an independent mind that transcends the functions of the physical body.   Thus, it appears that the mind-brain and mind-body issue can be laid to rest.   Now, the problem is, â€Å"How to get the word out.†Ã‚   Perhaps that leaves us right back where we started, at least for now. References Becker, Robert O. and Gary Selden (1985).   THE BODY ELECTRIC.   Electromagnetism and The Foundation of Life.   New York, NY: Quill, William Morrow. Burr, H. S. (1952).   Electrometrics of Atypical Growth.   Yale J. Biol. Med., 25, 67-75. Burr, H. S. (1972).   The Fields of Life:   Our Links with the Universe.   New York, NY:   Ballantine Books. Burr, H. S., and Lane, C. T. (1935).   Electrical Characteristics of Living Systems.   Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 8, 31-35. Burr, H. S., and Northrop, F. S. C. (1939).   Evidence for the Existence of An Electrodynamic Field in the Living Organisms.   Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A., 25, 284-288. Eccles, Sir John C. (1951).   Hypotheses Relating To The Brain-Mind Problem.   Nature, 168(4263), 53-57. Forsdyke, D. R. (1999). Two levels of information in DNA: Relationship of Romanes’ â€Å"intrinsic† variability of the reproductive system, and Bateson’s â€Å"residue† to the species-dependent component of the base composition, (C + G) %. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 201, 47-61 Jacyna, L. S. (1994). Philosophic whigs: Medicine, science and citizenship in Edinburgh 1789-1848. London: Routledge. Jerndal, Jens (1982).   The Field Resonance Approaching Medicine.   Text of a Paper presented at the 3rd World Congress of Alternative Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka 22nd October, 1982. Penfield, Wilder (1975).  Ã‚   The Mystery of the Mind:   A Critical Study of Consciousness and the Human Brain.   Princeton, NJ:   Princeton University Press. Weiss, P. A. (1926)   â€Å"Morphodynamik:   Ein Einblick in die Gesetzte der organischen Gestaltung an Hand von experimentellen Ergebnissen,† in Abhandlungen zur theoretischen Biologie, (J. Schaxel, ed.), Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin. White, John, and Krippner, Stanley (1977).   Future Science.   Life Energies and the Physics of Paranormal Phenomena.   Garden City, NY:   Anchor Books.       How to cite The Mind-Body Issue in Science, Essay examples

Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned on the First Offense free essay sample

Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned On The First Offense Drunk Drivers accounted for 32% of all traffic fatalities last year, which amounts to someone being killed every 45 minutes by a drunk driver. The penalties for most states is just temporary suspension of driver’s licenses for up to 1 year, and to only pay associated fines accessed by the court. Usually, drunken driving offenders are back on the road driving within a year, and with the assistance of a good attorney with weeks. Although, the product of a drunken driving accident may have ended in a fatality of an innocent motorist, the offenders are usually only charged with Manslaughter if that. Several organizations have been created throughout the years to fight for tougher penalties for drunk drivers. However, the federal government needs to impose mandated harsher penalties, such as 6 months up to 1 year of prison time for first offenders, and then maybe people would think twice about drinking and driving. We will write a custom essay sample on Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned on the First Offense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, all states needs to impose even tougher penalties for first offenders under the age of 21, by revoking their driver’s license until the age of 25 years old. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have been tracking drunk driving related statistics since 1982, and noted at that time drunken driving accidents were lower by 26% than they were in 2009. This should automatically raise concerns for state and federal legislatures to impose new laws that severe punish offenders. Several groups has emerged that support tougher penalties as well, such as Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD), Students Against Destructive Decision (SADD), The Century Council, and Bikers Against Drunk Drivers (BADD). These groups represent victims of families that have lost a loved one in alcohol-related accidents, and is currently seeking legislature against tougher penalties for drunk drivers. These groups believe just as I, that there needs to be a congruency among all states on tougher penalties such as imprisonment or permanent revocation of license on the first offense of driving under the influence. There are several states that have less harsh penalties for drunk driving, but yet they rank the highest for drunken driving offenses. For example, California ranks the highest in the country for drunken driving offenses, and for the first offense of drinking and driving. The offender may receive 48 hours of jail time, depending on the circumstances. Also, surprisingly North Carolina currently ranks 3rd in the country for drunken driving offenses. For the first offense of drinking and driving in NC, the offender receives 1 year mandatory suspension of driving license and has to undergo substance abuse assessment and treatment. These states rank the highest due to the high volume of colleges and college students in these areas. Also, several of the areas within these states lack metro transportation systems that would allow other alternatives to drinking and driving. In my opinion, there are no valid excuses that can safely form recognition for someone drinking and driving in the first place. This is why all states including these 2 states mentioned should have congruent laws mandating harsher penalties. Currently, many states are proactively pushing legislature on a federal level to aid in decreasing the number of drunken drivers, but some state and local governments are pushing to lower the legal age of drinking from 21 years old to 18 or 19 years old. Federal legislature is being reviewed to enforce â€Å"zero tolerance laws† in all 50 states. Also, federal legislature is preparing to reauthorize the nation’s highway bill, which enforces states to enact hardcore drunk driving legislation. Therefore, allowing incentives and funding to states for enforcing tougher penalties for drunken drivers. With these reinforcements in place at the federal level hopefully we can soon win the fight against drinking and driving. In conclusion, drunken drivers need to face tougher penalties for their actions. There is no way that a life that is taken, due to someone’s poor decision to drive after intoxication can be replaced or given back. Hopefully, with the efforts of state and federal governments cracking down on offenders, and organizations such as MADD, SADD, The Century Council, and BADD pushing for tougher penalties.

Micromax in India free essay sample

COMPANY OVERVIEW. It was in late 2007, when Mr. Rahul Sharma, The owner of Micromax who was into PCO business decided to diversify from PCO devices into the business of mobile handsets. The company designed a battery that could last 30 days on a single charge and give 17 hours of talk-time. Micromax asked vendors in China and Taiwan to manufacture 10,000 handsets with these battery specs and Micromaxs handset business was on its way. COMPANYS PERFORMANCE. Since our entry into the Indian mobile handset market in March 2008, our overall market share has increased from 0. 59% for the quarter ended September 30, 2008 to 6. 4% for the quarter ended March 31, 2010. Our handset sales have grown by 123. 48% from 1. 15 million units in the quarter ended June 30, 2009 to 2. 57 million units in the quarter ended March 31, 2010. We also sell mobile data cards for computers under our own brand to service providers in India. Micromax- Products : touch screen phone GSM mobile phone Utility mobile p hone CDMA mobile phone Qwerty Mobile phone Data Card MICROMAX MICROENVIROMENT : COMPANY: Micromax, based in Gurgaon, a city near New Delhi, designing them in India and manufacturing with partners in China which helps them to reduce their cost with indian expertise. We will write a custom essay sample on Micromax in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page COMPETITORS : Micromax faces a tough competition from market giants like Nokia,Motorola,Sony Ericson,Samsung,LG and small players like Karbonn,Lava,Intex,Videocon and Onida but their innovative design and latest technology with affordable price attracts the customers. PUBLICS : Media like Newspaper and Magazine are the medium used by micromax for connecting with the general public. Through TV Advertisement, Micromax has shown how interested they are to invest and create a brand in the mind of general public.

Favorite Example

Favorite Example Favorite – Coursework Example Favorite When I hear the word favorite, I get aware of my surrounding that very instant. Personally, favorite means more of something, if I was given a choice, I would prefer over the rest present. My childhood memories are made viable when I hear the word favorite. I get so anxious since it reminds me of things I love most in my life. It is imperative to note that what is deemed as favorite to someone is in-born within him/her. One of my childhood memories that become prevalent when I hear the word favorite is the color blue. I personally adore color blue. To me blue serves as the color which represents humility and tranquility. On the breath, I vividly remember an incident that occurred when I was child when my mom bought me a yellow dress as a Christmas gift instead of a blue dress. I despise bright colors. To show my dissatisfaction, I cried the whole day. It was obvious that my mom expected me to wear the yellow dress on Christmas day and so I had to play along and pretend to li ke the dress. All along, I did this while suffering deep down with the main objective of not upsetting my mom who went an extra mile to purchase the dress off her savings.When I grew up, I reminded my mom of the very incident of the yellow dress and she smiled without commenting. She then advised me later on that what she did was worthy given she had parental instincts. She shunned me off and told me that when I have my own kid I would understand what really happened on that fateful day.Evidently, there is a sense of dissatisfaction felt that occurs when that which is deemed favorite to someone is excluded from the equation. To feel relaxed and happy, one should take into consideration whatever serves as a favorite to him or her.

Evaluating the Effects of Regulatory Agencies on the LIMS ( Laboratory Essay

Evaluating the Effects of Regulatory Agencies on the LIMS ( Laboratory Information Management System ) - Essay Example tion, meets the standards set, notably CMS Regulations Part 493 Sub-part K, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA), and OSE Manual of Policies and Procedures (MAPP) 6700.2. In terms of information security, both agencies will be expecting to be satisfied that the requirements of CMS Regulations Part 170, regarding Information Security, have been met. In practice, Part 170 simply reflects ICT industry standard practice, so providing that the laboratory meets these industry standards, both agencies will be satisfied. In areas specifically involving pathology, a given LIMS implementation will also need to be approved by the College of American Pathologists (CAP). CAP regulators will expect that the LIMS implementation will meet their approval in four key areas: discipline, equipment manufacturer, specimen type and method of analysis. CAP inspections must be regarded as additional to the CMS and OSE inspections and compliance defined below. When examining the exchange of electronic health data, the Federal Regulators will be looking for the use of logical observation identifiers names and codes (LOINC) naming conventions. In order to facilitate the exchange of electronic clinical data between the LIMS being examined and other LIMS implementations, the Regulators will be checking for the use of systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED), as defined for specific U.S. applications by the CMS, FDA and, where relevant, CAP. All LIMS Implementations must meet the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Regulations Part 493 Subpart K - Quality System for Nonwaived Testing. This means each LIMS implementation must include as a minimum the following. Establishing and following policies and procedures for monitoring, assessing, and, when indicated, correcting problems identified in the general laboratory systems requirements specified in CMS Regulations Part 493 Subpart K that apply to the laboratory in

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example In fact seasonal interruption are routine and regular and even after such interruptions business continue in normal course and thus entities pursuing seasonal business may be called going concern despite periodic seasonal interruption In this write up the issues relating auditors’ responsibility to assess the substantial doubt arising out of normal auditing procedures is considered in order to produce independent and effective reporting to the stakeholders. The assumption under the concept of going concern is continuity in normal course and such â€Å"continuity of entity operations is usually assumed in financial accounting in the absence to contrary† (Michael J Ramos, page 285)ii Auditors assess the going concern concept whenever substantial doubt is created while following regular and normal audit procedures.†If there are no doubt neither directors nor auditor need refer specifically to going concern in the financial statements or audit report. However, the Combines Code states that directors should report that the business is a going concern with supporting assumptions and qualifications as necessary. â€Å"(Lain Gray and Stuart Manson, page 674)iii Going concern concept assumes an atmosphere of normalcy. Under the going concern concept â€Å"the enterprise will continue in operational existence for a foreseeable future.† (Nexia International, page 137)ivWhenever auditors have substantial doubts about the going concern concept it underlies that financial statements have not been prepared under normal circumstances. This is because â€Å"the going concern concept is unlikely to be compatible with the intention or necessity to enter into a scheme of rearrangement with the company’s creditors, or make an application for an administrative order, or place the company in administrative receivership or liquidation.†(Saleem Sheikh and William Rees, page 349)v In other words results or status shown by

Issues In Sport And Touch Football Sociology Essay

Issues In Sport And Touch Football Sociology Essay This research explores the way gender is perceived and constructed within the examined roles of touch football referees, with the aim of investigating gender equity relative to the participation and experience of female referees in touch football. The key questions of this thesis emanate from concerns around the equitable distribution of officiating sports roles. This concern also extends to individuals who may want to shift from participating in sporting activities just as participants to officiating in sports. Officiating and volunteering roles in sport have typically been highly gendered, with females over-represented in lower status roles. Females have tended to dominate the non-paid volunteer positions in sporting operations, while males are typically over-represented in leadership roles. This inequity has been strongly rallied against by researchers who have adopted a gender focus in their research. This thesis contends that the sporting practice of touch football, whilst considered by many to be a sporting practice that is reflective of current societal norms and values, could benefit from a gendered analysis. In order to operationalise the research, a case study approach was adopted which examined the role of female referees officiating in a locally-based senior mixed touch football competition. The role of referees in the local touch football competition presents a number of unique factors which are highly beneficial to this study. Refereeing in the competition is open to both males and females in the mixed competition. The selection of referees is through an administrative process that involves a number of relevant processes that draw on broader gender equity issues such as credentialism and professionalism, as well as simple gender bias. Theoretically the research approach has drawn on elements of the work of Norbert Elias, in particular the concept of figurationalism, and also the post-structuralist approach from Actor Network Theory [ANT]. The methodologies and analysis explore the site of touch football in a small rural setting through engaging with the touch football participants experiences of playing and officiating in the role of referee in the competition. The research is significant for several reasons and at different levels. First, Australian Government policies such as the Active Women: National Policy for Women and Girls in Sport, Recreation and Physical Activity, 1999-2002 (1999a), and How to include Women and Girls in Sport, Recreation and Physical Activity: Strategies and Good Practice (1999b) require Australian sport institutions to foster sporting cultures that allow and value the full involvement of females in every aspect of sport. Second, societal practices that support inequities are persistent and will re-emerge as dominant forms if they are not subjected to critical examination and leadership given for just change. Third, at a game administration level, gender equity is identified as a key strategy to ensure the long-term growth of the sporting practice by ensuring equal opportunities in all aspects of the game. Fourth, at a game and individual level, the inclusion of an appropriate gender mix will help to neutralise unwanted masculine traits of overt aggression and sexist behaviour from the sport. Female participation in the referee role that is reflective of the female player cohort will arguably help to shape the sporting practice to reflect the shared values of a mixed competition, focusing on the positive social and physical benefits of the game. Last, the research area is of keen interest to the researcher and is an area of inquiry where there is prior knowledge of the location of roles within the sporting practice, and a capacity and ease for the researcher to engage with those involved at the local level. 1.2 Research hypothesis This thesis seeks to explore whether a gendered approach to examining a local touch football competition will assist in improving the outcomes of both males and females in relation to officiating within the sport. Therefore, this thesis is concerned with the equitable representation of female referees in the local mixed touch football competition. Individuals understandings of gender differences within the role of referee and applicable strategies to address gender equity will frame the thesis. This thesis is best read as a preliminary analysis of gender equity in refereeing within the sporting practice of touch football. The research is approved by the CQUniversity Human Research Ethics Committee [H12/02-019], Queensland Touch Association and Central Queensland Touch Association. 1.3 Research background 1.3.1 Key concerns in sport Sport has historically attracted considerable attention from social theorists and commentators, with approaches ranging from macro and meta-analysis of sporting behaviours and outcomes to micro approaches that examine the everyday and mundane elements of sport. This thesis adopts a gendered, post-structuralist approach to exploring the key issue of gender equity in the roles of officiating in sport. In the next section, a background will be given of the key concerns that helped shape the research process and an introduction to touch football will assist the uninitiated to the sporting practice. An elementary understanding of the sporting practice, together with a familiarity with the general history and values embedded in the sporting practice will assist in a reading of the research. 1.3.1.1 Gender in sport The research adopts a gendered approach as gender is seen as an important social construct. The construct of gender can be used to uncover and understand better sporting practices, offering an opportunity to improve the individual and collective outcomes that are associated with particular sports. The sociology of gender has developed in line with successive waves of the feminists movement and creates an intellectual endeavour in its own right (Weedon 1997). This thesis uses a working definition of gender as a system of social practices as a means to interrogate the social arrangements of touch football (Ridgeway and Smith-Lovin 1999, p. 192). The gendered social practices establish and maintain gender distinctions, differences and inequalities. Relationships between actors are organised to some extent on those distinctions, differences and inequalities. Gender represents those social, cultural and psychological traits linked to males and females through particular social contexts an d translations. Debate remains on all elements that comprise feminist theory, but basically, the consensus is that a theory is feminist if it can be used to contest a status quo that is damaging to females (Chafetz 1988; Hall 1996). Feminists work through various avenues to increase females empowerment. Feminists accept the goal of ending sexism by empowering females (Weedon 1997), though there is a great deal of disparity about how that goal can be achieved. One interpretation is that there are numerous femininities and masculinities which are more multiple than singular or bi-polar expressions of gender. Miller (2009, p. 127) contends masculinity [and femininity] is best viewed not as a property or an essence, but as a series of contingent signs and practices that exercise power over both males and females, and to know it is to shift it, not just to love it. The processes and relationships through which males and females conduct their gendered lives should be the focus of researchers (Connell 2005). Males and females cannot be defined as being a certain gender, as their gender is a fluid aspect of their identity that is not constrained to one of a finite number of gender categories. However, outcomes for males and females differ, which subsequently introduces a challenging tension with conceptualisations of gender as subjectively fluid and yet objectively presenting as correlated to differing outcomes. The demand to formulate opportunities for females to successfully compete in sport then becomes both complex and highly disputed (Hall 1996; Hargreaves 1994). This is illustrated in debates over separatist sporting activities as opposed to mixed competitions, or with regards to the imbalance in media representations of females sport compared to males sport. As a clear reminder of the relevancy of gender equity in sport, the World Economic Forums Global Gender Gap Index shows that Australia is ranked twenty-third out of one hundred and thirty-five nations on a series of gender-based disparities, with a considerable decline in the relative progress (Hausmann, Tyson, Bekhouche and Zahidi 2011). 1.4 Research approach why studying touch football is important The research involves a case study of a locally-based senior mixed touch football competition. The next section provides a contextualisation for the research by describing key elements of touch football. A brief history of the game of touch football in Australia is also presented. 1.4.1 Key elements of touch football 1.4.1.1 Getting to the field of play  [1]   1.4.1.1.1 The playing field and the ball Touch football, also known as touch rugby or touch, is typically played on a rectangular field, and measures seventy metres in length from score line to score line  [2]  and fifty metres in width (Touch Football Australia 2007). The playing surface is normally grass however, other surfaces may be used. The game is played with an oval, inflated ball slightly smaller than rugby league and rugby union balls. The official ball size is thirty-six centimetres long and fifty-five centimetres in circumference (Touch Football Australia 2007). 1.4.1.1.2 Mode of play The aim of the game of touch football is for each team to score touchdowns  [3]  and to prevent the opposition from scoring (Touch Football Australia 2007). The ball may be passed, flicked, knocked, handed or thrown [but not kicked] sideways or backwards between teammates who can run or else move with the ball in an attempt to gain territorial advantage and score (Touch Football Australia 2007). Defending players prevent the attacking team  [4]  from gaining a territorial advantage by touching  [5]  the ball carrier or attacking players may initiate touches at which point, play stops and is restarted with a roll ball  [6]  (Touch Football Australia 2007). 1.4.1.1.3 Possession Unless other rules apply, the team with the ball is entitled to six touches prior to changing possession with the opposing team (Touch Football Australia 2007). Following the sixth touch or the loss of possession due to any other means, players of the team losing possession are to hand or pass the ball to the nearest opposition player, or place the ball on the ground at the mark  [7]  without delay (Touch Football Australia 2007). Attacking players who ask for the ball are to be handed the ball. Players are not to delay the changeover procedure. 1.4.1.1.4 Defending From the tap  [8]  for the start of the game or from a penalty, the defending team must be at least ten metres from the point of the tap (Touch Football Australia 2007). After making a touch, the defending team must retreat the distance the referee marks, at least five metres from the mark where the touch occurred, and remain there until the half  [9]  touches the ball (Touch Football Australia 2007). If a player does not retreat the entire distance the referee marked, they are considered offside. If a player makes an attempt to defend whilst inside this distance, they will be penalised. 1.4.1.1.5 Scoring A touchdown is awarded when a player [without being touched and other than the half] places the ball on the ground on or over the teams attacking score line and within the boundaries of the touchdown zone  [10]  (Touch Football Australia 2007). A touchdown is worth 1 point. The team who at the end of play has scored the most touchdowns is declared the winner. In the event of neither team scoring, or in the event of both teams scoring the same number of touchdowns, a draw is declared. 1.4.1.1.6 The half The half [or acting half] is subject to a number of restrictions that do not apply to other players. If the half is touched with the ball, the attacking team loses possession. The half cannot score a touchdown since trying to do so results in a change of possession. If the half takes too long to retrieve the ball, the referee can call play on and defenders are allowed to move forward before the half has touched the ball. 1.4.1.1.7 Commencement/recommencement of play Play is started by a tap at the beginning of each half, following a touchdown and when a penalty is awarded. The tap is performed by an attacking player placing the ball on the ground at or behind the mark  [11]  , releasing both hands from the ball, touching the ball with either foot a distance of not more than one metre and retrieving the ball cleanly (Touch Football Australia 2007). The defensive team must stay at a minimum distance of ten metres from the mark during the tap, unless they are positioned on their own score line. The defensive players can move after the ball carrier has touched the ball with their foot. The player who has performed the tap may be touched without losing possession. The attacking side must be positioned behind the ball when it is tapped. The attacking side may move the ball up to ten metres directly behind the given mark when taking a penalty tap. In this case, the defending side must still remain ten metres from the original mark, not the new mark . 1.4.1.1.8 Player attire All participating players are to be correctly attired in team uniforms. Uniforms typically consist of upper apparel [t-shirts or polo shirts], shorts [or briefs for female players] and socks with footwear (Touch Football Australia 2007). Shoes with screw-in studs are not to be worn by any player. Light leather or synthetic boots with soft-moulded soles are permitted, as long as individual studs are no longer than thirteen millimetres (Touch Football Australia 2007). All players are to wear an identifying number clearly displayed on the front or rear of the upper garment (Touch Football Australia 2007). Players are not to participate in any match while wearing any item of jewellery. Long or sharp fingernails are to be trimmed or taped. 1.4.1.2 Administration of touch football 1.4.1.2.1 The referee, line judges and touchdown zone officials, and the importance of the whistle Touch football must have at least one referee to officiate the game but most major games encompass one central referee and two sideline referees, who interchange roles constantly throughout the game (Touch Football Australia 2007). The central referee is the sole judge on matters of fact and is required to arbitrate on the rules of the game during play (Touch Football Australia 2007). The central referee may impose any sanction necessary to control the match and in particular, award penalties for infringements against the rules (Touch Football Australia 2007). Line judges and touchdown zone officials assist the central referee with tasks associated with sidelines, score lines and touchdown zone lines, and other matters at the discretion of the central referee. Their normal duties include indicating the ten metres distance for taps from a penalty, controlling substitutions, matters of backplay and other advice when sought by the central referee (Touch Football Australia 2007). The central referee must have a whistle to control the game. The start of play and a touchdown are signalled by long whistle blasts. A sixth touch, short whistle blast and the end of play, a long, fluctuating whistle blast (Touch Football Australia 2007). The standard whistle in Australia is the Acme Thunderer fifty-eight point five. 1.4.1.3 Rules of the game 1.4.1.3.1 Team composition and substitution A team consists of fourteen players, no more than six of who are allowed on the field at any time (Touch Football Australia 2007). In mixed competitions, the maximum number of males allowed on the field of play is three (Touch Football Australia 2007). The minimum male requirement on the field of play is one (Touch Football Australia 2007). Players may substitute at any time during the game in keeping with the interchange procedure (Touch Football Australia 2007, p. 10). There is no limit to the number of times a player may interchange, but substitutions can only be made from players who are registered at the commencement of the game (Touch Football Australia 2007). 1.4.1.3.2 Duration The match is forty-five minutes duration, entailing two twenty minute halves. There is a five minute half time break. When time expires play is to continue until the ball next becomes dead  [12]  (Touch Football Australia 2007). Should a penalty be awarded during this period, the penalty is to be taken. 1.4.1.3.3 Competition points Points are awarded in competition matches throughout the season. Teams are awarded three points for a win or a bye, two points for a draw and one point for a loss or a forfeit (Touch Football Australia 2007). 1.4.1.3.4 Penalty A penalty is to be awarded for an infringement by any player in line with the rules of the game (Touch Football Australia 2007). For example, a penalty is awarded to the non-offending team if the ball is passed forward, a touch and pass is committed, a player does not perform the roll ball at the mark, an obstruction is committed, a defending player does not retreat in a straight line to an onside position, a player is offside [on-field player or substitute], and a player acts in contradiction of the rules or spirit of the game (Touch Football Australia 2007). 1.4.1.3.5 Positions Teams are split into three positions, two middles [the central players], two wings [the players on either edge of the field] and two links [the players between the wings and middles]. 1.4.1.3.6 Grades Touch football is normally played in four different ability categories ranging from A grade [the most competitive] through B, C and D grade [the most inexperienced and usually the least competitive]. 1.4.2 The history of touch football in Australia  [13]   Touch football has evolved over time and is now considered to be a relatively fast-paced game. Changes in the structure of the sport have enabled the development of touch football to proceed. 1.4.2.1 From humble beginnings The game of touch football has humble beginnings. Historically applied as a training model for rugby league and rugby union teams over the summer months of the 1950s and 1960s, it was originally not seen as a sport in its own right (Touch Football South Australia n.d.). Progressively more people, explicitly males over twenty-five years of age  [14]  , were recruited to touch football teams and formal competitions were established (Touch Football Western Australia 2007; Townsville Castle Hill Touch Association n.d.). The popularity of touch football was credited to the game being considered relatively safe compared to rugby league and rugby union (Touch Football Victoria 2009). Touch football was also considered to be a social activity affording the prospect for participants and supporters to gather in a relaxed sport setting. The first formal game of touch football in Australia was reportedly held in South Sydney, a strong traditional rugby league area (Touch Football Western Australia 2007). The South Sydney Touch Association was formed in 1968 and convened a competition at Pioneer Park, Malabar in that year (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). Not long after, the sport gained popularity in a number of inner-city areas of Sydney. Consequently, the New South Wales Touch Association was formed in 1972, incorporating the six regions of Southern Suns, Sydney Scorpions, Sydney Rebels, Sydney Mets, Hunter Western Hornets and Northern Eagles, and about 1,500 registered players (Shilbury and Kellett 2006; Touch Football South Australia n.d.). The first country association was in Wagga Wagga, which was formed in 1973, and womens touch football was first played at a representative level in 1979 (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). Touch football appealed to ex-rugby players retired from the game through age or injury, and to players not willing or capable of playing rugby, but interested in playing a form of rugby (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). An increased awareness in fitness in the adult population and the availability of former rugby players to take part, all served to develop the game (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). 1.4.2.2 The development of a touch football identity Subsequently, touch football later appeared in numerous other New South Wales country regions before it became an official sport in Brisbane (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). From there the game developed in every other State and Territory in Australia, and the Australian Touch Association, now trading as Touch Football Australia, was founded in November 1978 (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). With the establishment of these associations, game rules came to be standardised. However, a formal rule book was not developed until late in 1980 (Touch Football Victoria 2009). In September 1981, the sport agreed to change its name from touch football to touch  [15]  , though to many the sport has also been known as touch rugby (Touch Football Australian Capital Territory 2007). A number of other changes resulted, such as the introduction of an official touch ball, which is notably smaller than both league and union balls, and the playing field size lessened, seventy metres by fifty metres (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). Major rule changes occurred during this period, moving from seven players per side, which was implemented in 1980, to six-a-side (Touch Football Australian Capital Territory 2007; Touch Football Victoria 2009). Shortly after, the marker  [16]  was removed from the roll ball and the half was prevented from being able to s core a touchdown (Touch Football Australian Capital Territory 2007). Recently, the Australian Touch Association has rebranded the sport as touch football in an attempt to clarify that it is a sport with a ball (Touch Football South Australia n.d.). While tackles and scrums are not elements of touch football, Touch Football Victoria (2009) suggested employing the term touch rugby lends itself to an impression that the sport may be of a rough, physical nature, which is anything but reality. Touch football was originally played under rugby league laws without activities that comprised hard physical contact (Coffey 2010). The simplicity, skills-based motion and avoidance of full-contact, together with team [social and communication] benefits and minimum equipment requirements, have become distinctive elements of the modern game. 1.4.2.3 Elite competition emerges While the majority of touch football games are played at a local competition level, State level competitions have featured prominently in touch football. The earliest interstate clashes in touch football occurred when the Brisbane Touch Association representative team played the South Sydney team in 1973, 1974 and 1975 (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). In the development of a standard set of rules for the sport, there has been a history of negotiated arrangements. For example, South Sydney wanted to have interstate matches played ten-a-side but Brisbane would not allow this, and the matches were played eight-a-side on a standard-sized rugby league field, measuring one hundred and twelve to one hundred and twenty-two metres by sixty-eight metres (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). One of the games in the series was played as a curtain raiser to an interstate rugby league clash (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Tou ch Football Victoria 2009). Touch football was played as a curtain raiser to the Sydney rugby league grand final in 1976 (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Victoria 2009). In December 1980, the inaugural National Championships were organised on the Gold Coast. This was essentially a contest between New South Wales and Queensland (Touch Football South Australia n.d.). Only three divisions were contested in that year, the open mens and womens, and over thirty-five mens, and included about 700-1,000 officials and players (Touch Football South Australia n.d.; Touch Football Western Australia 2007). By 1995, the National Championships provided for eleven divisions, together with 1,500 officials and players (Touch Football Victoria 2009). Development of the game meant that by 2005 the National Touch League [formerly the National Championships] catered for open, under twenties and senior divisions (Touch Football Western Australia 2007). 1.4.2.4 The rise of Internationalism  [17]   The success of the interstate clashes sparked interest in International competitions. In 1985, the Federation of International Touch was formed in Melbourne with Papua New Guinea, Canada, the USA, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia constituting the first members (Touch Football Victoria 2009). The first recognised International game was a test series played between Australia and New Zealand at the South Melbourne Cricket Ground on 23 March 1985 (Touch Football Victoria 2009). The game has continued to expand overseas with the last World Cup in Edinburgh, Scotland attracting teams from twenty-six countries, including Spain, South Africa, Japan, USA, Scotland, Singapore and the Cook Islands among others (Federation of International Touch 2011a; 2011b). Touch football was a National phenomenon based on participant skill and teamwork, with a degree of fitness thrown in at the elite level (Coffey 2010). The non-contact format that allows participation by all ages and both genders, even in mixed form has helped the sport to gain popularity. 1.5 Referee demand in touch football As mentioned earlier, the development of touch football and an associated playing code for the game has clearly established the role of officials as arbiters of the game. While there is clarity over the need for officials in the touch football competition and a playing code is well established, there is a level of ambiguity in the sporting practice which allows for negotiated changes to the playing environment and to particular interpretations of the rules of play. As is common in most sports, the performance of referees is a discussion point that can cause some levels of concern. Officiating in sports can be a difficult task, particularly in a fast-moving sport in which there is a level of interpretation and limited technological assistance at the local level to aid referees. At a sports administration level, the demand for referees at local sporting fixtures has frequently been mentioned over the past ten years (Touch Football Australian Capital Territory 2009; Touch Football Austr alia 2010b; Touch Football Victoria 2011). The unmet demand has led to the establishment of numerous broad recruitment and retention strategies. The success of these strategies varies within different levels of the sport. This thesis contends that touch football represents more than simply a new game and is in fact, an opportunity to better understand the gendered nature of sporting activities. The thesis sets about this issue through a case study of a locally-based senior mixed touch football competition. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the gendered nature of refereeing roles through personal interviews with participants, together with female referees in the competition. This gendered understanding will arguably facilitate better recruitment and retention strategies for female referees in touch football. 1.6 Structure of the thesis This thesis will explore perceptions and constructions of gender within the roles of touch football referees and suggest ideas for recruitment and retention. Chapter Two examines relevant theoretical concerns proceeding from the work of Norbert Elias and the post-structuralist works of Bruno Latour. It then reviews the literature regarding gender in sport. Chapter Three discusses the research approach that was utilised. It then describes the methods that have been chosen to explore the gendered nature of refereeing roles in touch football and the data analysis methods. It concludes by discussing ethical considerations in the research process and the limitations of the research. Chapter Four describes the findings from the research. The desktop research results are presented first. These results are presented in a quantitative format that empirically describes the gender breakdown of the sport. Second, the qualitative data that was obtained from the in-depth interviews with the eleven members of the touch organisation is presented. This data was compiled after the initial quantitative research was completed in the research process. Participant observation results are presented third. Chapter Five discusses the findings that resulted from the research. The significance of the findings is then discussed. Chapter Six, the conclusion, suggests directions for future research. CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction In Chapter One the preliminary argument is proposed that touch football is a unique sporting practice entailing a continuum of social practices and values that are in many ways gendered. This chapter will broaden this discussion through an exploration of the sociological literature

Christine Adika

Directed by Roman Polanski, The Pianist is an outstanding, emotion-filled film which brings us back to history when the German Nazi invaded Poland. Basically, the film is all about the struggles experienced by a Holocaust survivor in Nazi-occupied Warsaw in Poland. The Pianist is based on the life story of a Holocaust survivor Wladyslaw Szpilman, played by Adrien Brody, who is also a talented Jew musician who belongs to the well-off family in Poland. The Pianist is an interweaved story of survival and complexity. The film also starred Emilia Fox, Michael Zebrowski, Frank Finley, and Maureen Lipman. The film started with Szpilman passionately playing his piano over a live radio recital—just while the German Nazis has invaded them; just when bombs are exploding and people are dying in the area. The Szpilman belongs to a family who lived a comfortable and well-off life not until September 1, 1939—when the German Nazi started invading Poland. The Jews of Warsaw was brought in a ghetto, including the family of Szpilman. While his family was brought to a death camp, Szpilman escaped and survived the brutality. He hid in an abandoned building. As he stayed there, a German officer who shares the same interest as his in music became his friend. The German officer became the one who gave him food regularly.   He lived underground until the Soviets arrived. Some say that Adrien Brody did not act well in the movie. They say that the actor did not display any kind of emotion that touched them. But I think Brody is portrayed his role well. Although, given with a relatively few lines in the film, managed to capture the emotions of  the viewers, I think. He exactly depicted the role as I imagined it as read the book. It was no doubt he won the Oscar Best Actor award. The music of the movie, which appeared to be perfectly chosen, enhanced the setting and the mood of The Pianist. One example is the Chopin, which he played during his live recital over the radio while bombs are exploding outside.   Chopin represented his passion for music. Meanwhile, the Nocturne in C-sharp Minor setting emphasized that the film is an historical account and. Its tone set the stage for the dramatic tone of the movie.   The â€Å"Moving to the Ghetto† song also enhanced the film. The Pianist was based on a book written by Szpilman right after he was rescued by the Soviets which was originally titled as Death of a City. It served as a diary of a Holocaust survivor in his days in hell. The film director was successful in bringing in to the viewers of the film the exact setting in the book. The film, through its cinematography showed the viewers the pain that the Jews had to endure. The plot of the film showed scenes as traumatic as the book had traumatic story in every page. The book was perfectly represented in the film especially the part that the Jews are treated as â€Å"parasites of the humanity.† Just how the book described the cruelty of the German Nazi, the movie flashed scenes which are, I must say, equally brutal as told in the book. The main character was also portrayed as how Szpilman appeared to be in the book. Watching the film is actually reading the exact book. It was like turning each page of the book as I witnessed each scene in the film. The film basically revolved around oppression that happened during the German Nazi invasion. I think tried to show the pains and the sufferings that one has to endure for him/her to liberate him/her fully from the oppressors. The film featured no heroic acts or anything that are usual in the protagonists of a film. It mainly told us a story of survival—even when almost alone. One worth noting in the film is the occasional use of metaphors and symbols to creatively present the message or the content of the film. One example is when he looked intently to his piano. The musical instrument that he once used to entertain and â€Å"allure† other people is now an instrument could signal death. The Pianist is definitely a must-see movie. The film is imbued with artistic substance while portraying one of the most brutal plights in history. The movie disdains Spielberg’s â€Å"Schindler's List† which provided a larger picture of a Holocaust and opted to focus on one individual who had experienced to be in the same situation. This choice made the movie more effective, I guess. Because I was able to understand feel more the situation during that time. The Pianist provided a magnified view of the Holocaust—and that made the movie more interesting. Focusing on one individual, I think, made the audience feel more the mood and content of the movie. More than a mere autobiography and an historical account, The Pianist is a magnificent work made by a cinematic mind. The two and a half hour viewing of the film might cause you to hold your breath due to the chaotic story with a brilliant portrayal. To say that the film is just an ordinary one and lacks twist and creativity is like saying that you don not understand the movie at all. The movie has a string of profundity that must be dug in for the viewer to comprehend and absorb the essence of the film. The movie is not all about winning and losing, hiding and seeking. Simply put, it is all about life death. Survival, that is. Reference: Internet Movie Data Base â€Å"External Reviews for The Pianist† 31 March 2007

Female Education

The history of progress of the human race is the history of education. Hence it is necessary or every person, man or woman, to be educated. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Women should be educated like men; otherwise there can be no peace or no progress. If you yoke an unbroken (untrained) horse with a highly trained one, the carriage will be dashed to pieces and the occupants’ lives will be destroyed. The family peace cannot be preserved with such ill-matched life-long companions.Napoleon was once asked what the greatest need of France was. He answered, â€Å"Motherland’s National progress is impossible without trained and educated mothers†. If the women in any country are not educated, about half . he people in that country will be Ignorant. The result is that such a country will not be able to go along with other nations in development and progress. I’ll There is a greet controversy going on in Pakistan their women should receive her edu cation or not.Orthodox people are in favor of female education, but they us opposed to giving them higher education but this view does not sound welt. If women are mentally fit to receive higher education, there seems to be no reason why they should not be allowed to develop their mental faculties. There is other group of liberal people which Ii In favor of the female education. To give them only the rudiments of knowledge, while they are eager for advanced studies, is to condemn them to a place of inferiority.A woman has to play three distinct pests in the course of her life in each of which certain duties are expected of her. If she is able to do these well, she is worthy of being called perfect woman. It is only by the help of education that she can hope to be able to do them satisfactorily. The first duty of a woman is to be a good daughter. Th. second is to be a good wife and the third is to be a good mother. Education Leeches a woman what she should be. It also teaches her how she should do it to be a good daughter, a good wife and a good mother.Many men spend their evening time at clubs and societies. But a gentleman with an educated wife will not feel the need of clubs and societies. He can share his thoughts with her and seek her advice in trouble. Ho can spend his leisure Lime in her company. An educated lady will be a good Mend, a clever nurse and a useful adviser to her husband. She will be a true helpmate. She can retain her husband’s affection and regard. An uneducated lady is always unable to share in his interests. There is a saying in English. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world†. The meaning is this that the mother exercises a very great influence over the lives of her children and is able to mould their thoughts and characters. If she is educated, she will make such an impression on the mind of her child, that it will enable him in later life to grow into a good and great man. Thus education will enable women to make their parents, husbands and children truly happy. Consequently it is very important that women should be educated.

The Role Of Academic Classes On The Classroom - 837 Words

would not consider themselves in poverty, they would think they were middle class.† He also noted that districts that have markedly higher scores across America have a few things in common and affluence is one of them. He expressed an interest in looking at ways to educate the parents when we had captive audiences, such as an open house, to some of the Ruby Payne professional development. We tabled the discussion and moved forward with the agenda to identify the areas of concern from the data. Based on the data collected respect was not an issue across the school but it was interesting to see that students graded themselves more disrespectful than other stakeholders. The academic classes were perceived to be most important to all stakeholders as opposed to the extra-curricular activities and supplemental programs offered. Across all groups of stakeholders rigor was only seen in some classes and not all. Almost 90% of the teachers indicated this was an issue. All stakeholders ex cept the parents were satisfied overall with SCHS. Identified Needs The identified needs were: 1. Parental involvement- further identified as a lack of value of education and not wanting their children to have more than they have. There is also a level of low satisfaction with our parents for the high school. 2. Policies at the school were identified as an area which needed improved by the students. 3. Career Prep was in the top two in the needs improvement category for three of the four identifiedShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of A National Study By Add Health1485 Words   |  6 Pageslives makes all the difference. A national study by Add Health found that children who feel a connection with their school are less likely to engage in deviant adolescent behavior (Blum Rinehart 1997). Students may have the same state regulated academic standards and may have similar funding but school districts can have vastly different learner outcomes. 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